深入解析Linux常用命令–ip

ip命令用于显示/操作路由、设备、策略、隧道等信息。

ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -r[esolve] | -f[amily] { inet
       | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } | -o[neline] }
OBJECT := { link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | tunnel |
           maddr | mroute | monitor }
COMMAND :={ add | del |show | list}        

-V 打印ip的版本号

-s 输出详细的统计信息

link 网络设备

address/addr 设备ip地址

neighbor ARP条目

route路由表

rule路由策略规则

maddress 多播地址

mroute多播路由

ip tunnel隧道

利用help命令，由于命令太复杂，大家可以利用help命令进行查阅。

ip help

ip addr help

ip route help

[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add help
Usage: ip route { list | flush } SELECTOR
       ip route get ADDRESS [ from ADDRESS iif STRING ]
                            [ oif STRING ]  [ tos TOS ]
       ip route { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTE
SELECTOR := [ root PREFIX ] [ match PREFIX ] [ exact PREFIX ]
            [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ]
            [ type TYPE ] [ scope SCOPE ]
ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [ INFO_SPEC ]
NODE_SPEC := [ TYPE ] PREFIX [ tos TOS ]
             [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ]
             [ scope SCOPE ] [ metric METRIC ]
INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS FLAGS [ nexthop NH ]...
NH := [ via ADDRESS ] [ dev STRING ] [ weight NUMBER ] NHFLAGS
OPTIONS := FLAGS [ mtu NUMBER ] [ advmss NUMBER ]
           [ rtt TIME ] [ rttvar TIME ] [reordering NUMBER ]
           [ window NUMBER] [ cwnd NUMBER ] [ initcwnd NUMBER ]
           [ ssthresh NUMBER ] [ realms REALM ] [ src ADDRESS ]
           [ rto_min TIME ] [ hoplimit NUMBER ] [ initrwnd NUMBER ]
TYPE := [ unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | throw |
          unreachable | prohibit | blackhole | nat ]
TABLE_ID := [ local | main | default | all | NUMBER ]
SCOPE := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]
FLAGS := [ equalize ]
MP_ALGO := { rr | drr | random | wrandom }
NHFLAGS := [ onlink | pervasive ]
RTPROTO := [ kernel | boot | static | NUMBER ]
TIME := NUMBER[s|ms]
[root@smart Desktop]# ip help
Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
       ip [ -force ] -batch filename
where  OBJECT := { link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |
                   tunnel | maddr | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm | token }
       OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] |
                    -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } |
                    -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -b[atch] [filename] |
                    -rc[vbuf] [size]}
[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr help
Usage: ip addr {add|change|replace} IFADDR dev STRING [ LIFETIME ]
                                                      [ CONFFLAG-LIST]
       ip addr del IFADDR dev STRING
       ip addr {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
                            [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ]
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX
          [ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ]
          [ label STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]
FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAG
FLAG  := [ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary |
           tentative | deprecated | CONFFLAG-LIST ]
CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAG
CONFFLAG  := [ home | nodad ]
LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ]
LFT := forever | SECONDS
[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr add help
Usage: ip addr {add|change|replace} IFADDR dev STRING [ LIFETIME ]
                                                      [ CONFFLAG-LIST]
       ip addr del IFADDR dev STRING
       ip addr {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
                            [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ]
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX
          [ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ]
          [ label STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]
FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAG
FLAG  := [ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary |
           tentative | deprecated | CONFFLAG-LIST ]
CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAG
CONFFLAG  := [ home | nodad ]
LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ]
LFT := forever | SECONDS
[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr add help
Usage: ip addr {add|change|replace} IFADDR dev STRING [ LIFETIME ]
                                                      [ CONFFLAG-LIST]
       ip addr del IFADDR dev STRING
       ip addr {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
                            [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ]
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX
          [ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ]
          [ label STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]
FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAG
FLAG  := [ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary |
           tentative | deprecated | CONFFLAG-LIST ]
CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAG
CONFFLAG  := [ home | nodad ]
LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ]
LFT := forever | SECONDS
[root@smart Desktop]# ip link help
Usage: ip link add link DEV [ name ] NAME
                   [ txqueuelen PACKETS ]
                   [ address LLADDR ]
                   [ broadcast LLADDR ]
                   [ mtu MTU ]
                   type TYPE [ ARGS ]
       ip link delete DEV type TYPE [ ARGS ]
       ip link set DEVICE [ { up | down } ]
                      [ arp { on | off } ]
                      [ dynamic { on | off } ]
                      [ multicast { on | off } ]
                      [ allmulticast { on | off } ]
                      [ promisc { on | off } ]
                      [ trailers { on | off } ]
                      [ txqueuelen PACKETS ]
                      [ name NEWNAME ]
                      [ address LLADDR ]
                      [ broadcast LLADDR ]
                      [ mtu MTU ]
                      [ netns PID ]
              [ alias NAME ]
                      [ vf NUM [ mac LLADDR ]
                   [ vlan VLANID [ qos VLAN-QOS ] ]
                   [ rate TXRATE ] ] 
       ip link show [ DEVICE ]
TYPE := { vlan | veth | vcan | dummy | ifb | macvlan | can }
[root@smart Desktop]#