原linux常用帮助命令man、whatis、apropos、--help、help+命令
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man命令在内部是使用more来查看帮助文件的,所以可以使用more命令的一些快捷键
当命令和配置文件名相同时,可以通过man 1 passwd查看命令帮助,man 5 passwd查看配置文件帮助
两种帮助文件(命令和配置文件相同时)
1.命令的帮助
5.配置文件的帮助
不能以绝对路径查看,否则是打印文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# whatis ifconfig
ifconfig (8) - 配置网络接口
[root@localhost ~]# apropos ifconfig
ifconfig (8) - 配置网络接口
ifcfg (8) - simplistic script which replaces ifconfig IP management
pifconfig (8) - display information about a network interface
[root@localhost ~]# ls --help
用法:ls [选项]... [文件]...
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all 不隐藏任何以. 开始的项目
-A, --almost-all 列出除. 及.. 以外的任何项目
--author 与-l 同时使用时列出每个文件的作者
-b, --escape 以八进制溢出序列表示不可打印的字符
--block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
'--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of
1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information);
with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto',
or 'always' (the default); more info below
-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents
-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append '*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-g 类似-l,但不列出所有者
--group-directories-first
group directories before files;
can be augmented with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
-G, --no-group 以一个长列表的形式,不输出组名
-h, --human-readable 与-l 一起,以易于阅读的格式输出文件大小
(例如 1K 234M 2G)
--si 同上面类似,但是使用1000 为基底而非1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage
-l 使用较长格式列出信息
-L, --dereference 当显示符号链接的文件信息时,显示符号链接所指示
的对象而并非符号链接本身的信息
-m 所有项目以逗号分隔,并填满整行行宽
-n, --numeric-uid-gid 类似 -l,但列出UID 及GID 号
-N, --literal 输出未经处理的项目名称 (如不特别处理控制字符)
-o 类似 -l,但不列出有关组的信息
-p, --indicator-style=slash 对目录加上表示符号"/"
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters
--show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,
unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-r, --reverse 逆序排列
-R, --recursive 递归显示子目录
-s, --size 以块数形式显示每个文件分配的尺寸
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),
time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default
modification time: atime or access or use (-u)
ctime or status (-c); also use specified time
as sort key if --sort=time
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;
FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMAT
is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies
to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
-t sort by modification time, newest first
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;
with -l: show access time and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by access time
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-1 list one file per line
SELinux options:
--lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lines
will probably be too wide for most displays.
-Z, --context Display security context so it fits on most
displays. Displays only mode, user, group,
security context and file name.
--scontext Display only security context and file name.
--help 显示此帮助信息并退出
--version 显示版本信息并退出
SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units
are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
查不到命令路径的都是Shell内置命令