linux查看硬件信息
一、查看cpu
lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.
blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu
Architecture: i686 #cpu架构
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian #小尾序
CPU(s): 4 #总共有4核
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 1 #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程
Core(s) per socket: 4 #每个cpu，有4个核
Socket(s): 1 #总共有1一个cpu
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu产商 intel
CPU family: 6
Model: 42
Stepping: 7
CPU MHz: 1600.000
BogoMIPS: 5986.12
Virtualization: VT-x #支持cpu虚拟化技术
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 6144K
查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。
#cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 42
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz
.....
上面输出的是个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。linux命令
二、查看内存情况
free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404
-/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691
Swap: 9536 31 9505
这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。
查看内存详细使用
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 4020868 kB
MemFree: 230884 kB
Buffers: 7600 kB
Cached: 454772 kB
SwapCached: 836 kB
.....
三、查看内存硬件信息
dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
....
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
....
Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
....
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0008
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
.....
我的主板有4个槽位，只用了一个槽位，上面插了一条4096MB的内存。
四、查看硬盘和分区分布
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
├—sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├—sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP]
├—sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part /
├—sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
├—sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home
└—sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part
五、如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00023728
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/linux-rootmkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/linux-homemkswap /dev/mapper/linux-swapmount /dev/mapper/linux-root /mnt #挂载rootmkdir /mnt/home #建立home挂载点mount /dev/mapper/linux-home /mnt/home #挂载homemkdir /mnt/boot #建立boot挂载点mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot #挂载bootswapon /dev/mapper/linux-swap #激活交换分区。
通常情况下，linux首先使用/dev/sda2交换分区，然后是/dev/sdb2，依次类推，直到获得足够的交换空间。
通 常情况下，linux首先使用/dev/sda2交换分区，然后是/dev/sdb2，依次类推，直到获得足够的交换空间。
for pivot overlay you can either use an empty new rootfs or copy the contents of the current overlay (jffs2) to the new rootfs (assuming the filesystem for the new external rootfs is mounted on /mnt/sda2 (swap=/dev/sda1)):。
/dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux
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libcpupower-dev - cpu frequency and voltage scaling tools for linux。
1〉 使用root用户在dev/mapper/volgroup00-logvol00修改或者创建文件时报linux error: 30: read-only file system.。
activestate.perl.dev.kit.pro.v9.0.1.293382.for.linux.x64-bean\。
/dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux
六、查看网卡硬件信息
# lspci | grep -i 'eth'
(ii) pci: 00:00:0: chip 8086,2560 card 8086,2560 rev 03 class 06,00,00 hdr 00。
(ii) pci: 01:00:0: chip 1317,0985 card 1113,1216 rev 11 class 02,00,00 hdr 00。
00:00.0(主桥）--00:01.0(pci桥）-----01:00:0(nvidia显卡）。
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七、查看系统的所有网络接口
# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:以太网 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f
.....
lo Link encap:本地环回
.....
或者是
ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标
# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
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100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持
supported link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full。
advertised link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full。
supported link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full。
advertised link modes: 10baset/half 10baset/full。
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式
Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
.....
Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支 持千兆，变成要支持百兆
Duplex: Full #全双工
.....
Link detected: yes #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的
八、查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。
Lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 isa bridge: intel corporation 82801cam isa bridge (lpc) (rev 02)。
00:1f.5 multimedia audio controller:intel corporation 82801ca/cam ac'97 audio controller (rev 02)。
00:1f.0 isa bridge: intel corporation 82801db/dbl (ich4/ich4-l) lpc interface bridge (rev 02)。
00:1f.0 isa bridge: intel corporation 82801ir (ich9r) lpc interface controller (rev 02)。
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)
新装机的用户不用思索ide配备了，硬盘与光驱都有sata版本，能提供更高的功用。
00:1f.2 ide interface: intel corporation 82801ir/io/ih (ich9r/do/dh) 4 port sata ide controller (rev 02)。
00:1f.5 ide interface: intel corporation 82801i (ich9 family) 2 port sata ide controller (rev 02)。
2通常采用scsi接口硬盘，也有采用sata串行接口的。
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡
03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)
如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
如果要看设备树:lscpi –t
九、查看bios信息
# dmidecode -t bios
......
BIOS Information
Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
Version: 4.6.5
Release Date: 04/25/2012
.......
BIOS Revision: 4.6
......
dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的配置，比如说支持的内存数等。
十、如果要查看所有有用信息
dmidecode –q
以上是linux查看硬件信息的所有命令，可以查看CPU、硬盘、网卡、磁盘等硬件的信息。
